A CROSS-LAYER ROUTE DISCOVERY FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

A Cross-Layer Route Discovery Framework for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Most reactive routing protocols in MANETs employ a random delay between rebroadcasting route requests (RREQ) in order to avoid "broadcast storms." However this can lead to problems such as "next hop racing" and "rebroadcast redundancy." In addition to this, existing routing protocols for MANETs usually take a single routing strategy for all flows.T

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Improved Functionality of Exhausted Intrahepatic CXCR5+ CD8+ T Cells Contributes to Chronic Antigen Clearance Upon Immunomodulation

Chronic hepatotropic viral infections are characterized by exhausted CD8+ T cells in the presence of cognate antigen in the liver.The impairment of T cell response limits the control of chronic hepatotropic viruses.Immune-modulatory strategies are attractive options to re-invigorate exhausted T cells.However, in hepatotropic viral infections, the k

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